Barcode Education
UPC-A Barcode
The standard North American product barcode
What is UPC-A?
UPC-A (Universal Product Code — Version A) is a 12-digit barcode symbology used extensively for tracking trade items in stores. Developed in the 1970s, it was the first barcode widely adopted in North America. Every digit encodes specific information about the product and its manufacturer.
Digit Structure
0
Number System
X
Manufacturer
X
Manufacturer
X
Manufacturer
X
Manufacturer
X
Item Code
X
Item Code
X
Item Code
X
Item Code
X
Item Code
X
Manufacturer
C
Check Digit
Digits 2–6: Company prefix (assigned by GS1). Digits 7–11: Item reference (assigned by manufacturer). Digit 12: Check digit (mathematically derived).
Live Example from Database
Check Digit Formula
1. Multiply odd-position digits (1,3,5,7,9,11) by 3
2. Sum all digits + (odd-position-sum × 3)
3. Check digit = (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10
Full check digit tutorial →
Related Articles